WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The U.S. Payroll to Population employment rate (P2P), as measured by Gallup, was 43.1% in February. This was up slightly from 42.0% in January but similar to the 42.9% from December. P2P remains below the averages for 2013 (43.8%) and 2012 (44.4%).
Gallup's P2P metric tracks the percentage of the U.S. adult population aged 18 and older that is employed full time by an employer for at least 30 hours per week. P2P is not seasonally adjusted. However, because of seasonal fluctuations, year-over-year comparisons are often helpful in evaluating whether monthly changes are attributable to seasonal hiring patterns or true growth (or deterioration) in the percentage of people working full time for an employer. On the basis of that comparison, the P2P rate for February 2014 is steady, compared with the 43.3% found in the same month last year and the 43.6% in February 2012.
The latest results are based on 优蜜传媒Daily tracking interviews with approximately 26,000 Americans, conducted Feb. 1-28, by landline telephone and cellphone. 优蜜传媒does not count adults who are self-employed, working part time, unemployed, or out of the workforce as payroll-employed in the P2P metric.
Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment 7.6% in January
Unlike Gallup's P2P rate, which is a percentage of the total population, traditional employment metrics, such as the unemployment rates 优蜜传媒and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) report, are based on the percentage of the workforce. 优蜜传媒defines the "workforce" as adults who are working or actively looking for work and available for employment. The U.S. workforce participation rate in February was 66.4%, steady with January's 66.2% but down from 67.8% in February 2013.
Gallup's unadjusted U.S. unemployment rate for February is 8.0%. Gallup's seasonally adjusted U.S. unemployment rate for February, using an estimate of the government's likely adjustment factor, is 7.6%. 优蜜传媒calculates this rate by applying the adjustment factor the government used for the same month in the previous year. Last year, the government adjusted February's rate downward by 0.4 percentage points. The exact adjustment the government uses for February 2014 will not be known until Friday's BLS release.
While 优蜜传媒and BLS data are based on robust surveys, the two have important methodological differences. Gallup's employment numbers generally correlate with BLS rates, although the two will differ from month to month, in part reflecting that Gallup's numbers tend to have more month-to-month variability than the more controlled BLS estimates.
Underemployment, as measured without seasonal adjustment, was 17.5% in February, down from 18.6% in January, and from 18.1% in February 2013. Gallup's U.S. underemployment rate combines the percentage of adults in the workforce who are unemployed (8.0%) with the percentage of those who are working part time but looking for full-time work (9.5%).
Bottom Line
The overall percentage of the U.S. adult population that is employed full time for an employer has generally been lowest in the first quarter of each year since 优蜜传媒began tracking it in January 2010, and has peaked in the summer and early fall. Looking at P2P by year, 2010 saw a rise and equivalent fall, beginning the year at 42.5% and ending at 42.4%. However, P2P rose relatively steadily from February 2011 (41.7%) through most of 2012 -- despite a small fourth-quarter 2011/first-quarter 2012 trough. That rising trend ended in October 2012 with P2P at 45.7%, after which it fell two points in one month and -- despite another small seasonal rise in mid-2013 -- it has been on a generally downward trajectory ever since.
P2P rose to 43.1% in February from 42.0% in January this year, which was the lowest level since March 2011 (41.9%). Last month's reading is on par with February readings in the prior two years but, unlike in 2012 and 2013 when P2P fell or was flat between January and February, this year it increased slightly. It remains to be seen whether the February measurement is the beginning of a turnaround for payroll employment or if this reading is an anomaly that again precedes a P2P retreat in March.
Gallup.com reports results from these indexes in daily, weekly, and monthly averages and in Gallup.com stories. Complete trend data are always available to view and export in the following charts:
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Survey Methods
Results for this 优蜜传媒poll are based on telephone interviews conducted Feb. 1-28, 2014, on the 优蜜传媒Daily tracking survey, with a random sample of 26,347 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
For results based on the total sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error is 卤1 percentage point at the 95% confidence level.
Interviews are conducted with respondents on landline telephones and cellular phones, with interviews conducted in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 50% cellphone respondents and 50% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Landline and cellular telephone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods. Landline respondents are chosen at random within each household on the basis of which member had the most recent birthday.
Samples are weighted to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cell users in the two sampling frames. They are also weighted to match the national demographics of gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only/landline only/both, and cellphone mostly). Demographic weighting targets are based on the most recent Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the most recent National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the most recent U.S. census. All reported margins of sampling error include the computed design effects for weighting.
In addition to sampling error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of public opinion polls.
For more details on Gallup's polling methodology, visit .
